疾病预防与控制杂志

摘要：目的 本研究旨在探讨留置导尿患者主要照顾者对留置尿管的认识情况及其居家照护需求，为开展针对性的健康教育和提供有效的社会支持提供依据。方法 采用质性研究中的现象学方法，通过半结构深度访谈对 16 名留置导尿患者的主要照顾者进行调查。访谈内容围绕照顾者对留置导尿的认知、护理需求、社会支持及心理压力等方面展开。采用 SPSS 软件对相关数据进行统计分析。结果 研究发现，主要照顾者对留置导尿的认知普遍不足，尤其在预防泌尿系感染和尿管护理方面存在知识盲区；社会支持度较低，多数照顾者表示缺乏专业指导和心理支持；此外，信息化服务平台的操作困难也成为居家照护的障碍之一。通过对 40～50 岁组、51～60 岁组、61～70 岁组组内照顾者与被照顾者关系进行分析，发现三组间照顾者与被照顾者关系存在差异 （χ 2 ＝12.97，P＜0.05）。而三组组内照顾者与被照顾者自理能力的关系差异不显著（χ 2 ＝1.15，P＞0.05）。结论 建议医疗机构加大健康宣教力度，将服务延伸至社区和家庭；提供持续的专业化指导和技术支持；同时增强社会支持网络，减轻照顾者的心理负担。

Abstract: Objective  The present study aims to explore the knowledge status of primary caregivers regarding indwelling catheters and their home care needs among patients undergoing indwelling catheterization, so as to provide a basis for implementing targeted health education programs and delivering effective social support measures. Methods Using the phenomenological method in qualitative research, the main caregivers of 16 patients with indwelling urinary catheters were investigated through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The content of the interview focused on the caregiver’s cognition of indwelling catheter, nursing needs, social support, and psychological pressure. The relevant data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS software. Results The study found that the main caregivers had a general lack of knowledge about indwelling urinary catheters, especially in the prevention of urinary tract infections and urinary catheter care. The level of social support was low, and most caregivers expressed a lack of professional guidance and psychological support; In addition, the difficulty of operating the informatization service platform has become one of the obstacles to home care. By analyzing the relationships between caregivers and those being cared for within the 40 to 50 age group, 51 to 60 age group, and 61 to 70 age group, it was found that there were differences in the relationships between caregivers and those being cared for among the three groups (χ2 = 12.97, P＜0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the relationship of self-care ability between caregivers and those being cared for within the three groups (χ2 = 1.15, P＞0.05). Conclusions It is suggested that medical institutions should strengthen health education and extend their services to communities and families. Provide continuous professional guidance and technical support. At the same time, social support networks should be strengthened to reduce the psychological burden on caregivers.